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Frederick Ii the Art of Hunting With Birds Full Text

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De Arte Venandi cum Avibus , literally On The Art of Hunting with Birds, is a Latin treatise on ornithology and falconry written in the 1240s by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. One of the surviving manuscripts is dedicated to his son Manfred. Manuscripts of De arte venandi cum avibus be in a two-volume version (Manuscripts at Rome, Vienna, Paris (2x), Geneva and Stuttgart) and in a half-dozen-book version (Manuscripts at Bologna, Paris, Nantes, Valencia, Rennes, and Oxford).[ane]

Versions [edit]

The work is divided into six books:[two]

  • Book I: The general habits and construction of birds
  • Book II: Birds of prey, their capture and training
  • Book Iii: The unlike kinds of lures and their use
  • Book IV: Hunting cranes with the gerfalcon
  • Book V: Hunting herons with the saker falcon
  • Volume VI: Hunting water-birds with smaller falcons

Manuscripts containing six books [edit]

Surviving manuscripts fall into 2 groups: those that include all half-dozen books and those that include only the first 2.[1] All of the manuscripts containing the vi books derive from a 13th-century codex now in the library of the Academy of Bologna.[a] Information technology is possible that this was one of the manuscripts produced during Frederick'southward lifetime.[4] The 144 parchment folios measure 20 cm × 27 cm (7.ix in × 10.6 in). The text is separate in 2 columns each containing 47 lines. The ii prologues and each of the half dozen books begin with a miniature initial. On the first folio at that place is a dedication to "M. East."[iii] Several names have been proposed for the identity of M. E. including Malik El-Kamil (Al-Kamil), a Sultan of Egypt who died in 1238[5] and "magister Encius", a main falconer of Frederick'south court.[6]

At that place are five copies of the Bologna manuscript, all of which accept sections omitted. They are held by libraries in Paris, Nantes, Valencia, Rennes and Oxford.[1] Frederick Ii may have lost an illuminated copy of the De arte venandi cum avibus at the Battle of Parma in 1248. In a alphabetic character dating from 1264–1265 addressed to Charles I of Anjou, the Milanese merchant Guilielmus Bottatus offered to sell two large volumes that had once belonged to Frederick II. The volumes are described as containing text discussing dogs, falcons and their diseases.[7] This description but partially matches the contents of the surviving copies of the De arte venandi cum avibus and some scholars take suggested that the letter may have been referring to other manuscripts.[half dozen]

Manuscripts containing two books [edit]

There are almost vii copies of the Latin manuscript with the most famous copy being an illuminated manuscript deputed by his son Manfred, a two-column parchment codex of 111 folios which is now in the Vatican Library in the Bibliotheca Palatina.[8] The manuscript belongs to the two book version and is illustrated with brilliantly coloured, extraordinarily lifelike, authentic and minute images of birds, their attendants, and the instruments of the art. This manuscript contains additions made by Manfred, which are all conspicuously marked in the beginning by notations such as "Rex", "Rex Manfredus" or "addidit Rex".[9] A 1596 Latin edition was published in Augsburg past Marcus Welser and reprinted in Leipzig in 1788–89 with commentary past the naturalist Johann Gottlob Schneider.[2] [x] [eleven]

The commencement translation of this piece of work was into French and was deputed around 1300 past Jean Two, Lord of Dampierre.[12] The first translation into English (of the six-book version) was by Casey A. Woods and F. Marjorie Fyfe, as The Fine art of Falconry past Frederick II of Hohenstaufen which was published in 1943.[13]

Bibliotheca Vaticana, Pal. Lat. 1071. folio 16r

Content and analysis [edit]

This work is notable for the fact that Frederick II mainly confides in his own observations and experiments: he experimented with eggs to see if they would hatch only by the warmth of the sun; he tried to discover out if birds used their sense of scent while hunting by covering the eyes of vultures. The author keeps to his intention, formulated in the preface, to draw the things as they are ("que sunt, sicut sunt"). It is a scientific book, budgeted the subject from Aristotle, whom he likes to contradict. At the same time it is a scholastic book, minute and almost mechanical in its divisions and subdivisions.[14]

Frederick II was familiar with Aristotle'south treatises on animals in Latin translation: Liber Animalum, a translation by Michael Scot (1175 – c. 1232) from the Standard arabic translation Kitāb al-Hayawān. He was also familiar with De Scientia Venandi per Aves, a treatise by the Arab falconer Moamyn which was translated into Latin at his court past Master Theodore of Antioch, and much copied.[15] The Vatican edition includes illuminations and has most 900 images of birds. Information technology as well includes figures of Frederick in a Byzantine pose and another, maybe of Manfred.[ii] While the historian Charles Haskins wrote approvingly of the bird illustrations and their lifelike advent, the zoologist William Yapp plant them largely inaccurate.[16]

List of manuscripts [edit]

Half dozen book manuscripts [edit]

Manuscript Appointment Notes
A Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS. Lat. 419 (717) 13th century Illuminated with viii miniature initials.[iii]
B Paris, Bibliothèque Mazarine, MS. 3716 Early 15th century Copied from A with passages omitted. Illuminated with 7 miniature initials. Bound with page order shuffled.[17]
C Nantes, Musée Dobrée, MS. xix[18] [19] 15th century May accept been produced for Astorre Ii Manfredi, seigneur of Faenza.[20] [21] [22]
D Valencia, Universitàt de València, Biblioteca Històrica, MS. 402[23] Early on 15th century Copy of A without the lacunae present in B.[24]
E Rennes, Bibliothèque municipale, MS. 227[25] No illumination. Straight re-create of B including shuffled pages.[26]
F Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Digby 152 14th century Bitty.[27]

Two book manuscripts [edit]

Manuscript Date Notes
a Rome, Vatican Library, MS. Pal. Lat. 1071[28] 13th century Contains the additions made past Manfred but has several lacunae and several folios are missing from Book 1.[29]
b Vienna, National Bibliothek, MS. 10948 16th century Copied from a and the only other Latin 2-book manuscript. In places the scribe has altered the text and has as well missed out some passages.[30]
c Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. 12400[31] c. 1300 In French, translated from a.[32]
d Geneva, University Library, MS. Fr. (Petau) 170[33] [34] 1485-1490 In French, re-create of c.[35]
eastward Cambridge MA, Houghton Library, MS. Typ. 129[36] 1486 In French.[37]
f Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Codex H.B. Eleven 34-a In French.[38]
grand Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS. Fr. 1296[39] 15th century In French, contained translation not copied from c.[40]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna MS. Lat. 419 (717)[3]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Woods & Fyfe 1943, p. lvii.
  2. ^ a b c Haskins, Charles Homer (1921). "The De Arte Venandi cum Avibus of the Emperor Frederick II". The English language Historical Review. 36 (143): 334–355. doi:ten.1093/ehr/XXXVI.CXLIII.334. JSTOR 552467.
  3. ^ a b c Forest & Fyfe 1943, pp. lvii-lviii.
  4. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxxxii.
  5. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxxxiii.
  6. ^ a b Trombetti Budriesi, Anna Laura (2005). "De arte venandi cum avibus". Enciclopedia Federiciana (in Italian). Rome: Treccani.
  7. ^ Haskins, Charles Homer (1924). "The De Arte Venandi Cum Avibus of the Emperor Frederick 2". Studies in the History of Mediaeval Scientific discipline. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. pp. 299–326.
  8. ^ Vatican, MS. Pal. Lat. 1071. Parchment, 111 folios, 360 x 250 mm.
  9. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxxxi.
  10. ^ Frederick II (1596). Welser, Marcus (ed.). Reliqua Librorum Friderici II, Imperatoris, de Arte Venandi cum Avibus cum Manfredi Regis Additionibus Ex Membranis vetustis nunc primum edita. Albertus Magnus de Falconibus, Asturibus, et Accipitribus (in Latin). Augusta Vindelicorum [Augsburg]: apud Joannem Praetorium.
  11. ^ Frederick II (1788–1789). Schneider, Johann Gottlob (ed.). Reliqua librorum Friderici II : Imperatoris de arte venandi cum avibus (in Latin). Vol. 2 Volumes. Leipzig: J.K. Muller.
  12. ^ Corrie, Rebecca W. (1999). "Reviewed Piece of work: De arte venandi cum avibus/50'art de la chace des oisiaus. Federico II, Laura Minervini, Hélène Toubert". Speculum. 74 (two): 414–417. doi:ten.2307/2887074. JSTOR 2887074.
  13. ^ Woods & Fyfe 1943.
  14. ^ Haskins, Charles Homer (1927). "The Latin literature of sport". Speculum. 2 (3): 235–252. doi:ten.2307/2847715. JSTOR 2847715. S2CID 162301922.
  15. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, pp. xlviii-xlix.
  16. ^ Yapp, William Brunsdon (1983). "The illustrations of birds in the Vatican manuscript of De arte venandi cum avibus of Frederick II". Annals of Scientific discipline. 40 (6): 597–634. doi:x.1080/00033798300200401.
  17. ^ Forest & Fyfe 1943, pp. lviii-lx.
  18. ^ "Nantes, Musée Dobrée: MS. xix". La Bibliothèque virtuelle des manuscrits médiévaux (BVMM). Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  19. ^ Durville, Georges (1904). Catalogue de la Bibliothèque du Musée Thomas Dobrée. Tome premier: Manuscrits (in French). Nantes: Musée Thomas Dobrée. pp. 584–589.
  20. ^ Pichon, Baron Jérôme (1864). "Du traité de fauconnerie composé par l'empereur Frédéric II de ses manuscrits, et ses éditions et traductions". Message du Bibliophile et du Bibliothécaire (in French): 885–900.
  21. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, pp. 60-lxi.
  22. ^ "Manuscrit Musée Thomas-Dobrée Cote 19". Archives de Littérature du Moyen Age (ARLIMA). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  23. ^ Gutiérrez del Caño, Marcelino (1913). Catálogo de los Manuscritos Existentes en la Biblioteca Universitaria de Valencia (in Spanish). Vol. one. Valencia: Librería Maraguat. pp. 154–155, plate.
  24. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxi.
  25. ^ "Rennes, Bibliothèque Municipal: MS 227". La Bibliothèque virtuelle des manuscrits médiévaux (BVMM). Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  26. ^ Woods & Fyfe 1943, pp. lxi-lxii.
  27. ^ Woods & Fyfe 1943, p. lxii.
  28. ^ "Rome: Vatican Library, MS Pal. lat. 1071". Vatican Library. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  29. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, pp. lxii-lxx.
  30. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxxi.
  31. ^ "Paris, Bibliothèque nationale: MS Fr. 12400". Gallica. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  32. ^ Forest & Fyfe 1943, pp. lxi-lxiii.
  33. ^ "Bibliothèque de Genève: MS. Fr. 170". Bibliothèque virtuelle des manuscrits en Suisse. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  34. ^ Bibliotheque de Genève: Catalogue des Manuscrits Français (one-198) (PDF) (in French) (fifth ed.). Geneva: Bibliotheque de Genève. 2011. pp. 303–304.
  35. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, pp. lxiii-lxxiv.
  36. ^ "Houghton Library: MS Typ 129". Harvard Academy. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  37. ^ Hofer, Philip (1953). "A newly discovered manuscript of Frederick Hohenstaufen's 'Fine art of falconry'". Harvard Library Bulletin. 7 (1): 19–31.
  38. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, pp. lxxiv-lxxv.
  39. ^ "Paris, Bibliothèque nationale: MS Fr. 1296". Gallica. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  40. ^ Wood & Fyfe 1943, p. lxxv.

Cited sources [edit]

  • Wood, Casey A.; Fyfe, F. Marjorie, eds. (1943). The Art of Falconry : beingness the de arte venandi cum avibus of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. London: Oxford University Press.

Further reading [edit]

  • Federico Ii (2000). Trombetti Budriesi, Anna Laura (ed.). De arte venandi cum avibus (L'arte di cacciare con gliuccelli) (in Italian and Latin). Rome, Bari: Laterza. ISBN978-88-420-5976-ix.
  • Voskoboynikov, Oleg (2013). "Texte et image dans deux versions de fifty'Art de chasser avec les oiseaux de Frédéric Ii Hohenstaufen" (PDF). Spicae, Cahiers de l'Atelier Vincent de Beauvais. Nouvelle série (in French). three: 49–82.

External links [edit]

  • "Friedrich 2 von Hohenstaufen". Archives de Littérature du Moyen Age (ARLIMA).
  • Preface (in Latin)
  • Manuscript - Pal.lat.1071. Scanned digital version by the Vatican Library.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_arte_venandi_cum_avibus

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